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22-мәтін
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Civilisation

The present world is a world of seven or eight major civilisations. The most important countries in the world come from different civilisations. Power is shifting from the long pre-dominant West to non-Western civilisations. Global politics has become multipolar and multicivilisational.

Civilisation is the broadest cultural entity. Villages, regions, ethnic groups, nationalities, religious groups, all have distinct cultures at different levels of cultural heterogeneity. A civilization is the highest cultural grouping of people.

And the broadest level of cultural identity people have short of that which distinguishes humans from other species. It is defined both by common objective elements, such as language, history, religion, customs, institutions, and by the subjective self-identification of people. Civilisations have no clear-cut boundaries and no precise beginnings and endings. People can and do redefine their identities and, as a result, the composition and shapes of civilisations change over time. The cultures of people interact and overlap. The extent to which the cultures of civilisations resemble or differ from each other also varies considerably. Civilisations are nonetheless meaningful entities, and while the lines between them are seldom sharp, they are real. Civilisations are mortal but also very long-lived; they evolve, adapt, and are the most enduring of human associations.

Virtually, all the major civilisations in the world in the twentieth century either have existed for a millennium or are the immediate offspring of another long-lived civilisation. (Clash of Civilisations after Minyar – Belorucheva A.P.)



Сұрақтар

  1. How many major civilisations are in the present world?

  2. A civilization is the highest___________

  3. Civilisations are____ but also very long-lived

  4. Civilisations have no ______boundaries and no ______beginnings and endings

  5. Power is shifting from the long pre-dominant ____to non-Western civilisations

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