20-мәтін

Gold Lights

There exist two forms of luminophores. In one case the molecules themselves have the ability of transforming absorbed energy into visible light. This group includes certain components of oil, and many dyes and chemical compounds. The second group is made up of inorganic crystallized substances called phosphorus including very small quantities of other substances.

Luminophores are widely used in modern technique, in particular, in the production of luminescence lamps a common feature of our everyday life. Luminescent lamps are made by coating the interior of glass tubes with a film or luminophore, the tubes being filled with mercury vapours and argon, and charged with electricity. The electric charge causes an invisible ultraviolet radiation from the mercury vapours while the luminophore on the inside of the tube absorbs rays and transforms them into powerful visible light. By using various luminophores one can make lamps of any colour.

Luminescence is also used in television, a luminous screen being an important part of television picture tubes. Luminophores enable us also to discover and observe such radiations as ultrared, ultraviolet, X-ray, and alpha that are invisible to the eye as well as fast moving elementary particles, produced by radioactive disintegration or artificial transformation of the atomic nucleus.

The radiation produced under the influence of elementary particles plays an important part in the study of atomic problems. Various substances giving off radiations of specific spectral composition are used for making all kinds of analysis in biology, medicine, industry and agriculture. By observing the radiation of biological compounds, one can detect various diseases and trace their development. (A. Kovalenko)