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Cowboys

Cowboys were herders of cattle with many hard tasks to perform in dealing with large herds on the range, the open grasslands of the Middle West. They become famous in the days of the Long Drivers, from about 1860 to 1886.

Every spring as the grass turned green, huge herds of Texas steers were driven north to railroad shipping centres. The drive northward covered about half the length of the United States. As the cattle moved along, they grazed and grew heavier. From these centres the steers were shipped by rail, mostly to the Chicago market, where they were sold for about ten times their Texas price. The cowboys’ work was hard and unromantic. From dawn to dark they performed their duties, rounding the cattle, branding them for identification, and repairing equipment. A small group of cowboys had full responsibility for a herd of thousands. They had to cope with harsh weather and to protect the herd against cattle thieves, Indian fighters, and angry farmers, who feared the ruin of their corps.

In 1886 as a result of very bad weather, which caused the death of huge numbers of cattle on the «open range», the Long Drivers were discontinued. From then on the steers had to be cared for and fattened on large ranches in the Texas area before being shipped north by rail; the cowboys now became more settled ranch workers.

Although the cowboy was not the exciting, romantic hero or villain of the «western» movies, he did play an important part in the development of the American West. (Adapted, World of English)



Сұрақтар

  1. The steers were shipped by rail

  2. The Long Drives were discontinued

  3. The day of Long Drives were about ___ to ____

  4. Cowboys were herders

  5. A small group of cowboys had full responsibility for a herd of

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