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Scottish tartans

A tartan is a checkered design of a woollen material from which kilts or pleated Scottish skirts are made. The earliest tartans were sometimes of only one colour. Dressed in their plaids, early Scotsmen in the ancient Mediterranean world were described by Virgil as «striped and bright». By the Middle Ages, the Scotsmen or Celts of Western Europe had been driven into the inhospitable corners of north-western Scotland and the Highlands. There, each clan was isolated by mountains or sea.

Each clan or family coloured their cloth by using vegetable dyes, often more than one colour. They used vegetable extracts to obtain black, black or yellow colours.

Different colours were used in different districts.

Once the chief had selected a pattern or set, it was copied by his followers. Most clan tartans are believed to have been settled by the seventeenth century. After the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, the wearing of the Highland dress was forbidden. These prohibiting Acts were repealed in 1785 and tartans reappeared everywhere. Since the visit to Scotland of King George IV, who wore full Highland dress for the occasion, the wearing of the tartans has been encouraged.

Today, Queen Elizabeth II (the second) is very fond of Scottish dancing, which is always performed in the native tartan. Additionally, an invitation to meet with the British monarch by a Scottish official requires full Highland dress or the family tartan. The record books today show nearly 300 (three hundred) registered tartans or plaids. (adapted from the World of English)



Вопросы

  1. The earliest tartans were of

  2. By the Middle Ages each clan was isolated

  3. What kind of dyes did each clan used?

  4. The Highlands dress was forbidden after

  5. The record books today show nearly…registered tartans and plaids.

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